RULE 31                                                
             DEPOSITIONS UPON WRITTEN QUESTIONS                                  
                                                                                 
    (a) Serving Questions; Notice. After the summons and a copy of the           
complaint are served, or the complaint is filed, whichever shall first           
occur, any party may take the testimony of any person, including a party,        
by deposition upon written questions. The attendance of witnesses may be         
compelled by the use of subpoena as provided in rule 45. The deposition of       
a person confined in prison may be taken only by leave of court on such          
terms as the court prescribes.                                                   
    A party desiring to take a deposition upon written questions shall           
serve them upon every other party with a notice stating (1) the name and         
address of the person who is to answer them, if known, and if the name is        
not known, a general description sufficient to identify him or the               
particular class or group to which he belongs, and (2) the name or               
descriptive title and address of the officer before whom the deposition is       
to be taken. A deposition upon written questions may be taken of a public        
or private corporation or a partnership or association or governmental           
agency in accordance with the provisions of rule 30(b)(6).                       
    Within 15 days after the notice and written questions are served, a          
party may serve cross questions upon all other parties. Within 10 days           
after being served with cross questions, a party may serve redirect              
questions upon all other parties. Within 10 days after being served with         
redirect questions, a party may serve recross questions upon all other           
parties. The court may for cause shown enlarge or shorten the time.              
    (b) Officer To Take Responses and Prepare Record. A copy of the notice       
and copies of all questions served shall be delivered by the party taking        
the deposition to the officer designated in the notice, who shall proceed        
promptly, in the manner provided by rule 30(c), (e), and (f), to take the        
testimony of the witness in response to the questions and to prepare,            
certify, and serve the deposition transcript, attaching thereto the copy of      
the notice and the questions received by the officer, on the party taking        
the deposition, unless the court orders otherwise.                               
    (c) Notice of Service. When the deposition has been served, the officer      
shall promptly give notice of its service to all other parties and file          
such notice with the clerk of the court.